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The 1999 F-117A shootdown was an incident that took place on 27 March 1999, during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, (Operation Allied Force, Operation Noble Anvil), when an Army of Yugoslavia unit used a S-125 Neva/Pechora to down a Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk stealth aircraft of the United States Air Force. The pilot ejected and was rescued by search and rescue forces.〔 The US Air Force F-117A was developed in the 1970s, entering service in 1983 and officially revealed in 1988.〔 It saw its first combat in 1989 over Panama, and was widely seen as one of the most advanced pieces of US military equipment.〔 At the same time, Yugoslavian air defenses were seen as relatively obsolete.〔 ==Downing== Unknown to NATO, Yugoslav air defenses operators had found they could detect F-117s with their obsolete Soviet radars after some modifications.〔 In 2005, Colonel Zoltán Dani confirmed this in an interview, suggesting that those modifications involved using long wavelengths, which allowed them to detect the aircraft when the wheel well or bomb bay doors were open.〔 In addition, the Serbs had also intercepted and deciphered some NATO communications, and thus were able to deploy their anti-air batteries at positions best suited to intercept NATO planes.〔 On March 27, 1999, the 3rd Battalion of the 250th Air Defence Missile Brigade of the Army of Yugoslavia, under the command of Colonel Dani, downed F-117 Air Force serial number ''82-0806'', callsign "Vega 31".〔〔 The Army of Yugoslavia unit was equipped with a Yugoslav version of the Soviet Isayev S-125 "Neva" missile system (NATO reporting name, ''SA-3 "Goa"'').〔The S-125 was initially deployed by the Soviet Union in 1961. The ''V-600'' or ''V-601'' missiles launched by the S-125 were long, weighed at launch, could reach a speed of Mach 3–3.5 and carried a warhead.〕〔〔〔 At about 8:15 pm local time, with a range of about several missiles were launched. According to Sergeant Dragan Matić, who was identified in 2009 as the soldier who fired the missiles, they detected the F-117 at a range of about , operating their equipment for no more than 17 seconds to avoid being locked on to by NATO anti-air suppression.〔 According to Dani in a 2007 interview, his troops spotted the aircraft on radar when its bomb-bay doors opened, raising its radar signature.〔 The F-117, callsign "''Vega-31''", was being flown by Lt. Col. Dale Zelko,〔〔 an Operation Desert Storm veteran.〔 He observed the two missiles punch through the low cloud cover and head straight for his aircraft.〔Dale Zelko lecture for the USAF museum during 2006 |url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/podcasts/lecture.asp〕 The first passed over him, close enough to cause buffeting, but did not detonate. However, the second missile did detonate, causing significant damage to the aircraft and causing it to tumble, out of control.〔 The explosion was large enough to be seen from a KC-135 Stratotanker, flying over Bosnia.〔 Zelko was subject to intense g-forces as the aircraft tumbled and had great difficulty in assuming the correct posture for ejecting. After his parachute deployed, he used his survival radio to issue a mayday call and was able to contact the KC-135 that had seen him shot down.〔 Zelko used his survival radio while still descending although this was contrary to his training.〔 He reasoned the altitude would give his signal the best possible range and was also sure he would be quickly captured by Serbian forces on the ground and wanted to confirm he was unhurt before this happened. Zelko landed in a field south of Ruma and around a mile south of a four-lane highway.〔The European route E70〕 He quickly concealed himself in a drainage ditch that he had identified as a hold-up site while still descending.〔 There, he felt the shock waves of American bombs dropped by B-2 bombers on targets on the outskirts of Belgrade.〔 He remained undetected, even though he had landed around a mile from his aircraft's crash site, and an intensive search of the area was carried out by the Serbian army, police and local villagers.〔 He was rescued by a U.S. Air Force combat search and rescue team flying a Sikorsky MH-53 helicopter in the early hours of the next morning.〔 He was initially misidentified in press reports as the name "Capt Ken 'Wiz' Dwelle" was painted on the aircraft's canopy. The lost F-117 carried the name "Something Wicked" and had previously flown 39 sorties during Operation Desert Storm.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=F-117A Serial Listings )〕 Some American sources claim that a second F-117A was damaged during the same campaign, allegedly on 30 April; the aircraft returned to base, but it supposedly never flew again.〔〔〔 The 250th Air Defense Missile Brigade also shot down a USAF F-16 fighter on May 2, 1999,〔Roberts, Chris. ("Holloman commander recalls being shot down in Serbia" ). ''F-16.net'', 7 February 2007. Retrieved: 16 May 2008.〕〔Anon. ("F-16 Aircraft Database: F-16 Airframe Details for 88-0550" ). ''F-16.net''. Retrieved: 16 May 2008.〕 however these were the only two successes out of the dozens of ground–to–air missiles fired during the conflict. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1999 F-117A shootdown」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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